Developmental Profile †Cognitive

The classroom is the venue with which a child learns how to use his/her cognitive abilities for greater understanding and mastery of educational skills like reading, problem solving, critical thinking and hypothesis testing. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development shows that each person undergoes cognitive milestones which have to be attained by a child before he/she can go into the next stage. Each stage is composed of cognitive skills that have to do with the cognitive processing of information (Atherton, 2005).For example, in the early stages a child first knows that he/she is separate from other people. Next, he/she is able to use language and can identify objects and what they represent. The school age child normally is able to think logically; makes use of number, mass and weight conservation and classify objects in terms of various characteristics. The last stage is when the child can think abstractly and test hypothesis as well as be concerned with ideological thinkin g and problems (Atherton, 2005).The classroom offers different activities that promote the learning of this cognitive sills, as well as delivering information and knowledge in ways that are cognitively appropriate for their age. This developmental profile report shows how the teacher supports the cognitive development of her students through the instructional approaches he/she uses in the classroom. Ms. Lisa is a 4th grade teacher, she is well aware that children are still in the concrete stage and that they are more able to understand the lessons if it is presented using concrete examples and models that the children could touch and feel or observe.For today’s lesson, Miss Lisa is introducing the concept of classifications; she has Amber, Stacy and Luis to help her in the lesson presentation. Ms. Lisa presents the 3 children with colored balls and in different shapes, She firsts asks Amber to describe what she sees and then to arrange the balls in size. Amber seems to smile because she knows that her task is very simple, she first places the golf ball in the line, followed by the baseball, then the volleyball and the basketball. Ms.Lisa check Amber’s work and is satisfied, she then asks the class why the balls are correctly lined up. Now Ms. Lisa tells Stacy to arrange the balls by color, Stacy claps gleefully as she proceeds to arrange the balls with the golf, baseball and volleyball on one side and the basketball on the other side. Stacy seeks the approval of her teacher as she asks whether her answer is correct. Ms. Lisa tells her it is correct and she smiles even more. Finally, Ms. Lisa tells Luis to arrange the balls in shape.The class fell silent and Luis scratched his head and made inquisitive looks to his teacher. He approached the balls not really sure of what to do since all the balls looked the same. Then Ms. Lisa encouraged him to go and try out his answer so he would know if it was right or not. In an instant, Luis eyes brightened a nd became rounder, he then went to the balls more confident and then went on to lump the balls in one pile. He smiled and said â€Å"that’s it, they are all round, and they are balls†. Ms. Lisa smiles and tells the class that Luis is right. The process that Ms.Lisa used to demonstrate classification of different characteristics using the same objects showed that the children have achieved the ability to classify objects, in the process the teacher have contributed to the self-esteem and confidence of the student in working with her class demonstration. Amber definitely knows she has the right answer and Ms. Lisa did not have to encourage her, on the other hand Stacy was unsure but tried her best, and Ms. Lisa affirmed her answer. Ms. Lisa however spent more time with Luis since he had difficulty with the task, but in a moment of insightful thinking, he was able to give the correct answer. Reference Atherton, J. (2005).   Learning and Teaching:   Piaget's developmental theory. Retrieved November 12, 2007, from http://www.learningandteaching.info/learning/piaget.htm   

My Philosophy of Teaching

My Philosophy of Teaching Every child or adolescent is capable of learning if they receive the proper motivation and instruction. â€Å"A teacher's personal philosophy of education is a critical element in his or her approach to guiding children along the path of enlightenment. †- Barbra Wilt. My philosophy of education gives me the attitude needed to support students during their journey as a life long learner. I strongly believe that education is about contributing to children’s ability to think independently, create their own ideas, and become successful individuals. A teacher must be one who appreciates and respects the value of an education and the positive impact it has on all children. I highly feel that once the devotion for education and love for children are there, then the driving force to be an effective teacher will become stronger and stronger. For me, my love for teaching alone is the driving force in my decision to dedicate my career to being an effective educator. When I think about what education means and what an education looks like; I do not picture straight rows and columns full of eager students ready to learn. I visualize a more realistic picture; one which has small circles for group work, center stations ready for differentiated instruction to take place, and students waiting for the proper motivation to spark their eager minds. I strongly feel that a classroom should be highly interactive yet manageable, full of discussion and cooperative learning. I believe that assessment drives instruction and education in today’s diverse world. A variety of assessment allows one to provide effective instruction and evaluate achievement and learning. I think that assessment is a tool which provides valuable information for educators. With this tool an educator can better meet the needs diverse learners. My idea of a perfect teacher is one who inspires learning in addition to just relating required facts. An ideal teacher applies differentiated instruction and adjusts the curriculum accordingly. My philosophy of education involves a curriculum that provides multiple choices for taking in information, a variety of options for making sense of ideas, and alternative ways for expressing ideas. A teacher should be prepared and ready to implement all of these strategies. As a result of an effective ducation students can become engaged in real world activities. Education is what prepares students to problem solve in a variety of environments and socialize with others. The nurturing environment an education gives exposes children and adolescents to a multiple of life skills they will need on their journey into adulthood. Education gives us the knowledge of the world around us. It develops in us a perspective of looking at life. Someone once told me education is instrumental in the development of our values and virtues, and I strongly agree. Education arms us with an insight to look at our lives and learn from every experience. Overall, having an education is so important because it equips us with all that is needed to make our dreams come true. Education opens doors of brilliant career opportunities and gives us choices. An education gives us the opportunity to have better prospects in career and growth. Education is essential as it paves the path leading to success. Most importantly, education instills a sense of pride and knowledge one will need to prepare themselves in life!

Examine the relationship between Volpone and Mosca Essay

Examine the relationship between Volpone and Mosca in Acts I and II; to what extent is Volpone presented as the dominant partner?  During The Argument at the beginning of the play the audience is told that, although the play’s title is ‘Volpone’, the play is mostly centred on ‘his parasite’, Mosca, and the cross-plots he ‘weaves’ as he ‘assures’ and ‘deludes’ the other characters. Despite this, Volpone is not entirely submissive. There are several occasions where he is the stronger, commanding character, and throughout the play there are some elements of permanent authority, which cannot be overlooked. As stated in ‘The Persons of the Comedy’, Volpone is a ‘Magnifico’, an entrepreneur who would be socially higher than his parasite, Mosca, and therefore better educated than him. This good education is seen in Act II Scene ii as Volpone speaks as the mountebank, Scoto of Mantua. Although it is unknown who contrived the plot, although it is assumed to be Mosca as he suggests the disguise, Volpone uses scientific language, such as ‘mal caduco’ and ‘hernia ventosa’, to convince the crowd to buy his oil, even calling in ‘Oglio del Scoto’. Even if Mosca had created the idea, he would have been unable to use such language to make the crowd believe Volpone was Scoto, and therefore he is reliant on Volpone’s knowledge to help carry out his plans. This social dominance on Volpone’s part is also seen immediately in Act I Scene i, as Jonson presents Volpone languishing in bed while Mosca does his bidding, waking Volpone for the day and opening the shrine at his behest to reveal the ‘saint’ that is his gold. This wealth provides another area of dominance, although this is also a factor affecting class, as Mosca is dependent on Volpone’s wealth to support him as this provides him with a home and pay, so the typical master and servant positions are assumed. Mosca never forgets his place in society, and Volpone frequently orders him about, such as upon the arrival of Voltore at the end of Act I Scene ii when he asks Mosca to ‘fetch’ his ‘gown’,’ furs, and nightcap’. These are duties that Mosca has to perform, and when ordered to do something by Volpone he has to agree and execute the task without argument. These factors mean that Volpone is the overriding authority in this relationship, and Mosca dare not openly disagree with Volpone as he could lose everything. Despite Volpone having a great deal of possible power and influence, he is often presented as the weaker of the two with a great deal of dependence on Mosca, thereby making Mosca the dominant partner. An example of this is seen in Act I Scene I, as Volpone asks Mosca â€Å"Why dost thou laugh so, man?† suggesting that he is insecure and seeks Mosca’s reassurance in case he is the subject of the laughter. This makes Mosca the leading member of the relationship, showing Volpone’s emotional dependence on his servant. He is also dependent on Mosca to carry out the ‘cunning purchase’ of his wealth, with Mosca having to make excuses for other clients visiting, such as when he tells Voltore to ‘put business’ in his face as he leaves, as he is an advocate, and then tells Corbaccio Volpone ‘was about his testament’ ‘for [Corbaccio’s] good’, giving him a positive reason for Voltore’s presence. Through this M osca also manages to increase the wealth accumulated through their enterprise, by playing the three clients off against each other. This is again seen in Act 1 Scene iv as Mosca tells Corbaccio of Voltore’s ‘piece of plate’ for Volpone ‘to be his heir’, leading him to proffer ‘a bag of bright chequins’, and later to proclaim Volpone his ‘sole heir’, thereby denying his ‘brave, and highly meriting’ son, Bonario. However, this does not entirely prove Mosca to be the stronger orchestrator of events or show Volpone to be weak, as Volpone has to act the dying man, and therefore cannot play a great role in manipulating the clients. This is shown in the way Mosca handles the subplot of Celia more skilfully than Volpone, and his greater level of control and forward thinking. Mosca’s role in the play is more as a stage manager than a servant, and on many occasions he is shown to handle situations more adroitly than Volpone. One of the greatest ways Jonson shows this is in the plot to win Celia, something that Mosca himself introduces in Act 1 Scene v, enticing Volpone as he calls her ‘The blazing star of Italy’. In doing this, Mosca creates a new need for himself, making Volpone even more dependent on him as Mosca knows details regarding Celia, such as Corvino’s ‘guard, of ten spies thick, upon her’, while Volpone had not heard of her.

School corporal punishment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School corporal punishment - Research Paper Example Many nations however have enacted legislations against its use while others still legalise it. In United States for example, about 20 states have it as a legal form of instilling discipline in schools (Human Rights Watch 36). This practice has received increased condemnation in the last 40 years from child rights activists and the general public but some people still advocate for its use. This paper looks into pros and cons of corporal punishment in schools while shedding light on how teachers can slowly remove its reliance as a disciplinary measure. ARGUMENTS FOR CORPORAL PUNISHMENT By use of corporal punishment students are made aware that there is an authority figure. This helps in ensuring that students respect the elder people in the society and it also draws a line between who is in authority as far as classroom management is concerned. In other instances students hail from quite lenient families who end up spoiling them. They therefore require someone to set them back on the r ight path of good discipline and respect for authority. In some regions dropping of corporal punishment in schools was followed by considerable decline in performance and heightened indiscipline among students. This is the case of Britain where teachers complained a great deal after its abolishment was followed by general decline in performance in many schools (Council of Europe 24). Corporal punishment acts as a motivation towards performance and as such it ought to be used where necessary so as to attain desirable results (27). Teachers are trained professionals who are also adults and they know what level of corporal punishment is appropriate for who and when. They should therefore be left to play their part and if they find this kind of punishment to be appropriate, then they can go ahead with it. This also shows that it is not a form of abuse to students as it is just punishment to an indiscipline student from a responsible teacher. Immediate physical punishment is more prefera ble than suspension or expulsion since after a few strokes a student goes on with their normal learning activities. The former two forms of punishment interrupt a students learning schedule. Misbehaving students are easily rewarded by suspensions due to the free time they are allowed to stay at home (54). These kinds of children usually stay home alone while their parents are at work and can easily indulge in further naughtiness. ARGUMENTS AGAINST CORPORAL PUNISHMENT Physical punishment opens doors for abuse and leads to battery tendencies in children. There is a thin line between punishment and abuse and teachers usually cross this line as they wish where the law allows for corporal punishment. Corporal punishment degrades students a great deal as others mock them for being punished. This brings shame to them and if this happens constantly, these students result to having low self esteem. Such a student is lowly motivated to learn or even conduct themselves in a disciplined manner. This type of punishment has many negative impacts psychologically (Human Rights Watch 92). Anxiety is one of them because students tend to become scared of their teachers in the classroom especially when punishment is imminent from something they had done earlier e.g. failure to have finished yesterday’s homework. Other psychological effects are rigidity, inhibition and depression all of which have far reaching consequences on a student’

Wilderness, place and nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wilderness, place and nature - Essay Example It has been extended to include wildlife. Sometimes the term is also used to define places that are deserted with lack of cultivation. The most modern perception of the word ‘wilderness’ lies in the depiction of areas, which confuse people. It represents mystery. The word can be said to have a dual meaning. On one hand it is inhospitable and threatening and on the other it represents beauty that is capable of providing solace to human eye. (Nash, 10-12, 44-45) The universe is a composition of nature and soul. Nature remains unchanged by mankind. It represents space, the air we breathe, rivers and even the leaves of trees. Every item that is a part of nature leaves a â€Å"kindred impression, when the mind is open to their influence† (Emerson, 1). It reflects the wisdom and the simplicity of childhood. There is a considerable link between wilderness and nature. The biodiversity of nature is well maintained by the remoteness of wilderness, which directly benefits th e former. Absence of artificial barriers in the areas of wilderness helps in the preservation of nature. A place on the other hand refers to any space of the universe that may have definite or indefinite boundaries. There are similarities in the concepts of wilderness, places and nature along with slight differences in the conceptualization of the three. Wilderness, places and nature interact amongst themselves to render a meaning to human lives.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The idea of the term wilderness has been a tenet that is fundamental to the environmental movements that last for decades. It has rather been a passion. The last place on the earth where the artificial civilization of human beings has not yet infected the space with all diseases of the species is termed as wilderness. Wilderness can be termed as an island in the sea of polluted industrialization achieved by the urbane modernity and this term rules out the chances of pollution. Wilderness is that place on the eart h where human beings can escape being tired of the artificial happiness that has been created by them in the name of modernization. In the hope of saving the planet from this spread of modernization and hence industrial pollution, there is the need of rethinking wilderness. According to Thoreau, the preservation of the earth and nature lies only in wilderness. Wilderness has been described profoundly as a creation of human beings and not something that is far from the reach of humanity. He expresses his desire to retreat into the wilderness as he comments â€Å"Let me live where I will, on this side is the city, on that the wilderness, and ever I am leaving the city more and more, and withdrawing into the wilderness † (Thoreau 2). Though wilderness seems natural, it hides the unnaturalness behind the mask, which is more captivating â€Å"because it seems so natural† from outside. Imaginations and reflections often trick human beings into perceiving the same as â€Å"n ature when in fact we see the reflection of our own unexamined longings and desires† (Cronon 1). The preservation of wilderness is for the betterment of human beings and needs to be ensured for the ultimate pleasure of them. As the frontier began to fade away, Americans tried to protect the wilderness within specific places termed as National Parks (Cronon, 2). Cronon therefore argues that the wilderness perceived by human beings is not actually a part of nature. For instance, the Indians previously used to live in the wilderness which they called their home but later they were removed from there to give space to tourism activities such that the place could be referred as â€Å"uninhabited wilderness† (Cronon, 7). Hence the wilderness in America is very much constructed. It is important for human beings to be a part of nature and accept the same as their

Nursing Practice Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nursing Practice Theory - Research Paper Example There exists a relationship between grand theories, middle range theories, and nursing practice theories in that, all these discuss about nursing as a profession and provide a guide for nursing practice. Grand theories are general concepts and are representative of a wide range of nursing practice. They, therefore, have the broadest scope. They use statements to show relationship otherwise known as assumptions to show the basis of their philosophy. Grand theories form the basis for expansion of other theories, research and development of new standards. The focus of grand theories is on the â€Å"phenomena of concern to the discipline such as person as adaptive systems, self-care deficits, unitary human beings, human becoming, or health as expanding consciousness† (Parker & Smith, 2010). Grand nursing theories are visions to be used in nursing practice. However, the limitation of these theories is that, they cannot be universally tested; hence, they have limited capabilities in guiding, explaining, and foretelling about specific situations in nursing. This is because; these theories were developed by scholars who were thinking way above their time. Middle range theories are derived from concepts of grand theories. These theories are narrow in scope as compared to grand theories, and they offer an effective bridge between grand theories and the description of specific nursing phenomena. These theories are of advantage in the sense that, they are more applicable to nursing practices and situations. This theory allows testing of theory through research, devising strategies for nursing practice, and developing tools for nursing practice. As a result of this, middle range theories are more efficient and proficient as compared to the other theories. As a result of covering a wider scope, middle range theories are applicable in many health care institutions and other health quarters. Nursing

Integrated Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Integrated Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Introduction In any form of business, the domain of marketing is regarded as quite significant and one of the prominent activities to be conducted in promoting as well as establishing the intended brand within the target market. It is important to note that for any business to promote or to convey information about its products or services to the targeted customers, the tool of marketing must be essentially put into efficient use. Contextually, it has been observed that companies communicate with the customers with the help of various tools of marketing, which comprise of advertising and other promotional activities to make them aware about what the business is offering to them. Unarguably, without proper marketing strategy, the success of business is quite likely to become highly uncertain and will probably remain unaccomplished upto a larger extent (Lamb & et. al 2008). Contextually, the primary intention of this report is to frame an integrated marketing strategy to promote Bullet Proof Vests as a newly launched product in the targeted market. Overview- Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is conceptually explained as an unconventional domain of marketing management that involves the implementation of conveying succinct and all-inclusive information about the proposed brand across numerous and diverse marketing channels. It is defined by experts as an integrated approach of marketing, which is designed with the intention to ensure that all the communication activities in the domain of marketing management are applied in a unified form involving various other beneficial channels of communication (International University of science and Technology, 2013). For strategizing the promotional framework required in the launch of the product i.e. bullet proof vests, some of the tools of IMC including advertising, direct marketing, sales promotion, public relations, internet marketing, personal selling and publicity will be imple mented. These tools will together work towards the accomplishment of the set goals, which in this case is to promote the features of bullet proof vests to the targeted market and convince or encourage the potential buyers to purchase the same. Promotion Mix Strategy Promotion mix strategies mainly include two forms of approaches, which comprise pull strategy and push strategy, used according to the marketing intentions and product features to convey the information regarding products and/or services to the potential purchasers (Lamb & et. al 2008). Applying the push strategy approach, the product i.e. bullet proof vest will be promoted to the customers directly with the help of various tools of advertising during its initial introductory stage. It is worth mentioning in this context that application of a push strategy in the initial stage of the product launch will help it in gaining a percentage of market shares, countering the already existing competitive brands. In the subsequent phase, depending on the response from the customers towards the product, the pull strategy approach will be applied to encourage the customers to seek for the product from their end owing to its growing demand and preference in the market. Notably, as the armed forces and soldiers will be the targeted customers of the product, due attention will be provided towards quality

What impact national health policy may have on dental practices Essay

What impact national health policy may have on dental practices - Essay Example en national health policy changes the way dental healthcare is covered, dental practitioners are likely to change their attitude towards who they offer services. They are most likely to shift to where there are more incentives, better coverage, and well defined health coverage information. Additionally, dentists are much more likely to change their practices in response to changes in health policies, which might affect their liabilities and legal implications. There is a possibility that some sections of national health policy especially concerning information will change the way dental practitioners handle and present information. When measures that are more stringent are needed, dental practitioners will realize that they have to provide detailed information on dental procedures. The recent changes in national health policy demands that an elaborate and detailed information regarding coverage of healthcare bills be provided to the users. According to a Wall Street Journal article â€Å"Health-Plan Buyers Get a Look under the Hood,† every consumer of healthcare services will have to be provided with a concise and easy to understand information about the healthcare provided. This does not only affect insurers but also healthcare providers including dentists. It is claimed, â€Å"  it would not only tell consumers their overall deductibles, or the amount they must pay before coverage kicks in, but would also explain deductibles for specific categories, such as drug coverage† (Mathews and Adamy 1). Although the disclosure is particularly targeted for consumers, health practitioners including dentists will feel the impact. For instance, dental practitioners may be required to change the way they present information to patients. They may be forced to provide elaborate and detailed information on dental procedures, drug administration to patients and insurance providers. This article is provides very relevant information regarding issues of health policies and medical

Financial Report Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Financial Report Analysis - Essay Example The company has been listed on the major stock markets around the world for years. The major benefit of floating a company's shares in the stock market is that the company's shares become available to general public, which in turn helps a company to generate more equity finance for the company without any liability. This is the reason Tesco Plc does not need much of debt finance to fund its business operations. It has more of equity finance readily available inside the company without having to pay any interest and without any liability to pay off the amount in future. It has transformed its entire capital structure and as evident from its annual reports for the last three years, the company has been minimizing the extent of external debt used for financing. Thus, issuance of shares publicly and stock market listing is very useful for a company in increasing the financing options to obtain necessary funds for the business. Listing in stock market is very beneficial to a company's shareholders. It enhances the liquidity of shares owned by the shareholders, hence they become more marketable as the shares can easily be bought and sold in the stock market. It becomes more convenient for the shareholders to determine the market value of shares in their hands. Apart from these benefits, the shareholders get an opportunity to obtain financial gains out of the shares they own other than the dividends paid by the company and the opportunity is the Earning per Share of the company's shares. Tesco Plc's EPS has had an increasing trend over the years and it is one of the major benefits of stock market listing to the shareholders of the company. Deciding the Mix of Debt and Equity Finance When deciding upon the mix of suitable debt and equity finance, a company needs to consider a lot of issues. Some of them are listed below: The extent of ownership and control the company is ready to sacrifice. The different types of financing options available to the company and the cost of financing The amount of cash available to pay off the borrowed money and interest payment Word count: 495 words QUESTION 2 Importance of Cash According to Bernstein Leopold A. (1993, p129), "Cash is considered the most liquid of assets. In fact, it represents the starting point, as well as the finish line, of what is known as the accounting cycle" Cash is the life blood of any business activity. No business can run without the sufficient availability of cash to run its operations. Cash is needed in the company to meet its various short terms needs, payments of current liabilities and meeting day to day business expenses. Cash also forms a vital part of the working capital, which determines the health of a company in terms of short-term liquidity. Tesco Plc- Cash Management Policy A company can manage its cash and cash equivalent assets by controlling the payment collection methods, curbing unnecessary expenses and utilizing the uninvested cash lying in the company. Tesco Plc has described its supplier payment policy in its Directors' report section of the annual report. Also, the company's cash management can be assessed with the help of the cash flow statement. However, the company has not displayed any

Food Culture of Hong Kong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Food Culture of Hong Kong - Essay Example Other than a short period when the island was under the hands of the Japanese, it has been under the British rule and has grown from its first state to become a great industrial and manufacturing center with many foreign firms relocating to the island. The people of Hong Kong attach great importance to food and express these in many places, including websites and even on Facebook and Twitter. The city has been aptly referred to as the culinary capital of Asia due to the diversities of foods and dishes that are found on restaurant and family tables of Hong Kong. The food culture is one that they attach great importance to what they eat, and take great care in picking it (Anderson, 2005). For example, iced lemon tea is a very common drink in restaurants and it comes in different prices pertaining to the amount of ice or sugar the customer would like, many taking into consideration that a great amount of sugar will make one fat or that more ice will have the customer drinking more water than the lemon tea. The people of Hong Kong are very meticulous in their food display and arrangement, attaching great detail to each food category. A certain type of food arrangement can even be some smaller divisions derived from the main division but have some changes in the ingredients. A type of dish called the ‘Shao Mai’, for example, is made of pork and shrimp wrapped in a thin white layer of flour and displayed in a steamer basket, but however, there are smaller dishes of the same made of purple rice or a very traditional dish of ‘Shao Mai’ made of quail’s eggs as the wrappings (DeWolf et al, 2010). This latter dish has existed through the ages but is becoming outdated, becoming replaced by the other two. The people of Hong Kong generally have no fixed time for eating and, thus, will be found eating very early or very late. The working culture due to industrialization and manufacturing makes them very hard working people who put in

If all states were democratic, would we ever go to war Essay

If all states were democratic, would we ever go to war - Essay Example In this report, we are to discuss the Democratic Peace Theory in detail, while also arguing for and against the ideologies published. Many researchers have throughout taken examples and tried to prove that democracy might not be in the end the substantial basis that led to the decline in wars. However, there are still many more researchers that have inevitably proven that democracy or conversion to democracy did indeed reduce the chances of the democratic going on wars. While the reasons underlying are several, we are here to discuss exactly this. Many nations have believed in democracy, many have converted, while several others are attempting to convert further on. What is the basis of this conversion and is this the right step to take for any converting nation? Is there an intermediate state and are there factors that actually lead to reduction in aggressive behavior or actions by nations on the path to democracy? Then again, what is democracy and how will we define wars. The main motive behind this paper is to explain all these questions. So let us begin our tryst with the understanding of Democratic Peace Theory (DPT), undertaking all possible arguments withheld by researchers before. In his essay, Perpetual Peace, Immanuel Kant cited his belief that nations on a republican path will be more inclined towards peace; hence, either not warring at all or minimizing the war to extent. According to him, being constitutional republic was one of the immaculate conditions for nations in order for peace to prevail. He also cited that people following the republican view would never agree to go on war, unless they do so in self defense. Keeping this in mind, he further suggested that in order for the peace to reside in the world, it is extremely important that all nations become republic. This was the view in the eighteenth century, when republic was

Program as an English Teachi Essay Example for Free

Program as an English Teachi Essay The most meaningful goal in my life at this time is to be granted the honor of participating in the Fulbright program as an English Teaching Assistant in Poland. Through all of my academic and professional activities up to this date, I have proven to be an exemplary member of my community, devoting focused care, time and energy to fostering understanding and authentic expression among people. My deep appreciation of what it means to be an effective communicator, through words and body language, is a main part of the reason why I believe that I would be a highly successful and noteworthy Teaching Assistant. I have a strong background of training in the field of language, theater and communication, and my expressive and artistic nature would be an asset in my being able to offer the experience to other people of learning something new. I have proven to be able to work well as a leader and director as well as a listener and team player, and I have great confidence in my ability to impart knowledge as well as learn from others. The reasons for my choice of Poland as a target location center on my own personal ancestry, meaningful experiences in the Polish American community, and my heartfelt desire to work as a cultural ambassador to Poland. As a curious boy of 11, I became interested in genealogy and traced our family back to Poland in the 1700s. I learned that I have distant relatives who live in Poland, including a cousin in Lublin who owns a school where English is taught. I have visited Poland twice before, once with my grandmother when I was 17 years old and once with a friend when I was 25. The church I attended growing up, St. Hedwig Catholic Church in Gary, Indiana, had a Polish Mass that I attended regularly. I was the organist at church and played during Mass. Although I did not understand everything that was being said, I truly enjoyed engaging in the Polish songs, even more than the English ones. I was only 14 years old when I became the organist there, and the memories of Midnight Mass, sunrise Easter services and the traditions carried over from Poland left distinct impressions on me. It would be personally enriching for me to spend time in Poland, learning as much as possible about the Polish culture and sharing insight about my own Polish American culture. In my spare time, I would like to observe or assist at a local theater company in Poland. I have several years of professional experience in theater, and it would be interesting to examine the difference between American styles of directing and Polish styles of directing. There are many past achievements and personal characteristics which qualify me for the opportunity of being honored as a Fulbright scholar. My current major in English and work towards my Bachelor degree at Purdue University is the most prominent demonstration of my high level academic understanding of the English language. This experience is supported by my leadership as President of the Alpha Mu Pi chapter of Sigma Tau Delta, English Honor Society, and awards as Consistent Semester Honors and Chancellors List Recipient. In addition to my university experience, I have been engaged as a professional director and actor in the Indiana theater community. I have performed in over 60 productions, served as the Vocal Director of nine productions, choreographed three productions and served as the Director of seven award winning productions. My membership experience includes the Ball State University Singers, Americas #1 Collegiate Entertainment Organization, and Indianas Official Goodwill Ambassadors. I have also engaged in leadership positions, serving as the Membership Chair, Marketing Chair and President of Portage Community Theatre and Development Chair for the Northwest Indiana Excellence in Theatre Foundation. Various awards received include Winner of Best Director, Best Actor, Best Vocal Director Awards, and Musical and Play Viewer for the Northwest Indiana Excellence in Theatre Foundation. Upon returning to the United States, it is my intention to enter a Master degree program and continue on to the doctorate level.

Can War Ever be Justified?

Can War Ever be Justified? It is hard to think about the future of warfare without being terrified. The new weapons of war-nuclear, chemical, biological-will only get more lethal and more widely available. And the testimony of the worlds madmen and mad states suggests that once they possess such weapons, they will soon use them, or try to enslave the worlds free societies with their threats of mass killing. War inevitably brings death, destruction and suffering, which ruin lives and nations. Using, ethical theories religious guidance and general arguments to decide if killing and war can ever be justified. War in self-defence is an attempt to apply the philosophical principles of ethics to warfare seems, on the surface, to be oxymoronic. And yet, ethics do apply not only to the basis on which the conflict is waged but also to the policies that dictate how it is to be fought. The reasons why one nation enters into warfare with another reflect the ethics of the aggressor nation. The means by which a war is prosecuted by each participant is also established through decisions based on the ethics of the cultures of both nations at war.We must understand that a nations ethics in general, and any specific ethical position in particular, are an inescapable result of that nations worldview, of their epistemology (theory of knowledge) and, more specifically, of their understanding of the origin and nature of man. Just as everything else in life is affected by our worldview, our perspective on war and violence in general is likewise affected. A nation with a morality based on the perspective tha t man is made in the image of God would approach conflict differently than a  nation with a humanist worldview. For more than 17 centuries, the church and society in general have argued the validity of any specific conflict on the basis of several moral criteria. This concept, known by the Latin phrase justum bellum, has been debated in secular and religious circles. For instance, four of these criteria   were explored further in The Summa Theologica of St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274). Using these criteria, the conflicts purpose is evaluated as to whether it represents a just cause. Wars fought for a just cause are considered valid and moral. Those that fail to meet the criteria are condemned as immoral. The criteria for declaring a just war are many and varied. Several criteria address the treatment of innocent individuals under the regime against which violence is being used. Protecting the lives of innocents is a worthy moral objective. Regimes that commit human rights vi olations of the most flagrant and egregious kinds are generally recognized as being immoral regimes and, consequently, violent conflicts against such regimes being aimed at bringing an end to these atrocities are seen as justifiable. Through related reasoning, wars designed to prevent the future occurrence of atrocities are also considered justified, although not all people agree on the kinds of atrocities that rise to this level of justification. Pre-emptive strikes against a nation on the verge of committing crimes against innocents fall into this area and are also considered just cause actions. This is, of course, as long as there is sufficient compelling evidence of such impending crimes.Causes for war that are considered just also include a nations attempts to protect itself from invasion or warfare declared to reclaim lands and people captured by an enemy through  force. The protection and reclamation of personal property is second only to humanitarian concerns. This inclu des the assisting of a friendly nation in its efforts to protect itself, its people or its property, especially when there is a   preexisting alliance with that nation. As already mentioned, the just nature of conflict involves not only the reasons for which a war is declared (jus ad bellum) but also the means by which it is conducted (jus in bello). A war that is declared for just reasons but is prosecuted by unjust means is still considered an unjust war. A Utilitarian approach is The greatest good for the greatest number. This can be applied to the theory of Just War. For Utilitarians the end justifies the means. In other words, a country would not need a just war cause other than having the right intentions and making sure the war would produce the greatest good for the greatest number (Act rather than Rule). The idea of jus ad bello is to make sure that less evil will come about if the war is fought. Utilitarians would agree with the just war theory as war may be necessary to make the world a better place as long as the war was justified through just war. However can war be justified, you must look ahead to see what the consequences of a war will be if the war will have a greater overall benefit, thinking of future generations. This rule will give a different answer to each case: If a wars outcome will cause more suffering than good, Utilitarianism would say that that war could not be justified; yet if a war, in the long run would bring greater good than harm, Utilitarian thinkers will say that that war and killing can be justified. Of course, there have always been those who feel that all violence is immoral, regardless of its purpose. Some have tried to base this belief on one of the Ten Commandments, Thou shalt not kill (Exodus 20:13). On this basis, several groups have developed convictions leading to a conscientious objection to all war. Others have taken positions against such things as capital punishment on the same basis, while still others have tried to apply this commandment to personal defense, claiming that the use of deadly force is never justified. ,To a large extent, these arguments are based on a misunderstanding of the commandment in question. Hebrew is the language in which the Ten Commandments were originally written. Of the several Hebrew words that communicate the concept of killing, the term used in this commandment refers specifically to the murder of innocents, as demonstrated by its use again in Numbers 35:16-21. There is no biblical prohibition against what we know as justifiable homici de. Capital punishment is not only allowed but specifically affirmed in the Old and New Testaments of the Bible.

In Depth Analysis Of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein English Literature Essay

In Depth Analysis Of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein English Literature Essay Mary Shelly was a British novel writer, who name before marriage was Mary Godwin. Born in London, her mother was a feminist, and her father a political philosopher. When she was younger her beloved mother pasted away, she and her brother was taken cared of by her father. A year after her mothers death her father published Memoirs of the Author of A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Mary read the memoirs along with books written by her mother. She tends to self-educate herself and started to write at the age of eight, and at the age of ten published her first poem. Since her father had well-known intellectual friends, she would learn from them. Mary fell in love with her one of her fathers friends Percy Shelley. This uncontrollable love caused her to run away with him at the age of sixteen, and they married in 1816, when Percys wife committed suicide. Mary had two kids, a daughter and a son, unfortunately they both died, and she also has a miscarried. Along with that Percy also died . This was when she started to write gloomy novels, such as The Last Man. After Percys death she become friends with Jane Williams, who she seems to be fond of, but Jane betrayed her with terrible rumor. Out of the entire novel Shelley wrote Frankenstein was the most famous, where decades later it was put on the big screen. Frankenstein was published in 1818. During this year many events occurred in the United States and around the world. During this year the White House officially reopened. On April 13, 1818, a new flag flew on top of the flag poll near, the U.S. Capitol. It represented the Union at the time. The thirteen stripes represented the original colonies and there were twenty stars which was the number of states in the Union in 1818. There was twenty states when the flag was made in April, however there was soon twenty-one states when Illinois entered the Union in a December. Also the well known, abolitionist Frederick Douglas was born on February into slavery.   In May 4th the Netherlands and the English signed a treaty stating that they were against illegal slave handling. By May 24th general Andrew Jackson captured Pensacola Florida. On July 11th Keats writes, In the Cottage Where Burns is Born. Keats also wrote Lines written in the Highlands, and Gadfly . Characteristics of the Genre The Genre of Frankenstein was Gothic Romance. Gothic romance novels came about in the 18th and 19th century. It was first recognized in England. Gothic novels were known as mysteries mixed with horrors. They were usually set against dark backgrounds and harsh settings. The gothic romance novels started getting popular in the United States in the 1960s. Plot Summary The story begins with Walton and his letters to his sister He talks about his journey to the North Pole. He and his crew set out on a ship to begin their voyage. Every event that happens during their trip was told to Margaret by letters. One day as they explore the North Pole, the ship got trapped between two ice bergs. The crew paid close attention to their surroundings and saw a savage like figure in the distance on a dogsled. Being curious they continue to seek for the creature, hours later they found Frankenstein, the sick stranger, and his dogsled near the ship, and brought his aboard. As the stranger recovered, he told Walton his story, so he could teach Walton the dangers of pursuing knowledge. Victor Frankenstein started off explaining his early life. He grew up with in a loving family, with a close relationship with his adopted cousin, Elizabeth and dearest companion Henry. As a youth he became preoccupied with studying outdated theories and studies, that were say as useless. One day he got interested in nature and its actions when he witnesses a lightning storm that amazed him. At the age of seventeen he was sent off to Ingolstadt college. One professor, M. Waldam, inspired Victors with his words of how ancient teachers accomplished none of their promises but the modern ones managed to discover the unknown. These words lit a light bulb in his in that encouraged him to explore the unknown, to unravel the mysteries of creation. In his laboratory he created his own creation, but once it lived, it was a hideous creature. Victor was frightened by the creatures structure, so he ran away and abandoned this own creation. This creation began to roam the streets, and became the ca use of Victor lifes destruction. On the night this he ran away from his creation he found he companion, Henry Clerval, who came to study with Victor. However, when he examined Victors physical and mental being he saw how ill he was, and ended up tending to him instead of studying. Henry would write letters to Victors family informing them about his progress. After many months Victor recovered and began his studies with Henry. While on the other hand the monster roamed around looking for shelter and a to find an understanding about the humans and their language. After days of observations on his journey he saw how different he was from the humans physically. This was why he encountered many brutal events with humans, where they would violently threaten him. Being afraid of coming across a human the monster found that darkness was his friend where his image was hidden in the night. One day he found a place of shelter, living near a cottage, there he observed a family who lived there. Everyday he would study their lang uage, feelings and actions; soon he picked up the language and was also literate. The monster became compassionate with them and then wanted to become friends with the family and decided to reveal himself to them, but they were afraid of him, and rejected his kindness buy beating him with a stick. This incident along with his act of saving a girl from being drowned, where he was rewarded with a gun shot, sparked hatred towards mankind. One day the monster arrived at Geneva, Victors hometown, and met a little boy who he would kidnap and keep him as a companion. He thought that since the boy was still young he could not tell the difference from the monster and himself, so he would take the boy in and express himself to him so the boy would be evidence that he was not the monster he look to be. However, he quickly found out that the boy was Victors younger brother, William Frankenstein, so the monster killed him as revenge towards his creator. When he was in the cottage he listened to stories read by Felix, the son of the family, about mischief actions and he planned a way to frame a person for the murder. He placed the necklace he removed from William and put it in the pocket of Justine, a adopted girl that took care of William ever since he was young. Victor was quickly informed of his brothers death, and he went back to be with his family and most importantly console his beloved Elizabeth. When he arrived it was already nighttime, on his way he saw an unclear figure, it was massive and hideous, he soon realized that it was the monster and concluded that he was murderer. When he came home he found out the Justine, a trustworthy companion of his family, was the one being accused. Victor knew who was the killer but could not tell because it would make him seems insane. Justine was accused guilty and later dies in prison. Victor was full of rage and guilt and went to the mountains to find peace alone. His trip was peaceful, but as he arrived at his destination he was approached by the monster who offered Victor to follow him. There the monster expresses his feelings of being lonely and abandoned by his creator, and ask for companionship from Victor, and if Victor gave this to him he would not hard mankind. The monster also demanded f or Victor to create a female companion for him. Victor refused to be content with the monster, however he did agree to create a companion for him. Afterwards the monster told his own story about his journey once he opened his eyes. The monster tells of his tales of how he had to look for shelter, and how human created him. Also he explained how he learned the human language and the family in the cottage. The monster also confessed to the murder of William, this enraged Victor and caused him to not even thinking about being compassionate to the monster. After the story Victor left and later he and Clerval went to England where he began to formation of a female creature in his lab. He would make this monster compassionate, caring and a moral thinker. When he was almost done, he decided to destroy it, an example of abortion, because he did not want the responsibility of another monster. When the monster was told the news he was angered and gave Victor and warning that he would see him in his wedding. Victor quickly started his journey back home, but before he could his friend Henry was murdered by the monster, Victor being the one accused. Victor planned to marry Elizabeth, when he came home to Geneva, but before he could the monster murdered her as she was in his room, where the monster pointed at her with the devilish grin. Soon after his father also died because of the mournful lose of Elizabeth. From that point, Victor would pursue another goal of destroying the monster, so he went again to the North Pole in search for the monster. This is where Victor met Walton and his crew, and began his dreadful tale. After a few days, Victor finished his story and asked Walton to kill the monster if was to die. After that Victor himself died, and Walton decided to go him, but before they could the monster appeared. The monster looked his creator, mournful of his death and guilty for what disasters he inflicted on his creation. The monster explained that he was the wretch, that he killed the innocents, but he was doing it because he was filled with evil from being rejected and hatred. He expressed his guilt of his murders and t old Walton that he would also die, so all of his feelings or misery is no longer felt and mankind would not have to deal with him. He was soon borne away by the waves and lost in darkness and distance. The novel begins with Walton and his crew along the Artic. This opening provides a way for Victor Frankenstein to tell his tragic tell. In the Artic where it is cold and empty Walton and his crew is on a journey to the North Pole, also Victor was on one of his own to kill his creation. In the letter they can be related to Victor and his past journey. For example, in letter two Walton talks about his dreams and goals, just like Frankenstein he had a goal of creating a new creature. In letter three it describes how lonely Walton is because he had isolated himself from the world to accomplish his goals. Another relation to Victor when you begin to read the novel you will see that he would work day and night in his laboratory, lonely and with no companion. In letter four, Walton tells his sister how he spotted a massive and savage figure in a dogsled across the ice, then later they saved a man, Victor, that was weak and ill that was on a piece of ice. Victor soon learned that Walton was on a journey of knowledge. This idea troubled him, and he warns Walton about the consequences of his journey, but Walton ignored it. Along with the warning he then began to tell his tales about how his search for knowledge ruined his life. Significance of ending/closing scene The novel begins with Walton and his crew along the Artic. This opening provides a way for Victor Frankenstein to tell his tragic tale. In the Artic where it is cold and empty Walton and his crew is on a journey to the North Pole, also Victor was on one of his own to kill his creation. In the letter they can be related to Victor and his past journey. For example, in letter two Walton talks about his dreams and goals, just like Frankenstein he had a goal of creating a new creature. In letter three it describes how lonely Walton is because he had isolated himself from the world to accomplish his goals. Another relation to Victor when you begin to read the novel you will see that he would work day and night in his laboratory, lonely and with no companion. In letter four, Walton tells his sister how he spotted a massive and savage figure in a dogsled across the ice, then later they saved a man, Victor, that was weak and ill that was on a piece of ice. Victor soon learned that Walton was on a journey of knowledge. This idea troubled him, and he warns Walton about the consequences of his journey, but Walton ignored it. Along with the warning he then began to tell his tales about how his search for knowledge ruined his life. Symbols The moon/night- this symbolize how in the darkness of the nighttime the evil will occur. For example, the monster was created on the night of November. Also, in the dark is where the monster roams, and in the novel Victor sees him as a demon and is evil. The Artic- Walton wants to explore the North Pole and see what it has to offer. At this time no one has done this task before so he would like to take the journey to the unknown. Victor chose to go into the unknown mysteries of creation and accomplish something the modern scientist at the time did not figure out, so he seeks a goal to create his own creature. When he created it, ht finds that it destroyed his life and goes to the Artic to seek revenge. However as they reached the Artic they found that it was hard to accomplish what they want. Walton is stuck between two icebergs, and Victor is unable to capture the monster. Therefore the Artic symbolize that mankind can go so far in their dreams and their goals, and once they reached that limit of obtaining knowledge they cannot take in anymore. The De Lancey Family- the monster examined them everyday, and through his observation he found that not all humans are harmful. He was attached to the family and every feeling they feel they connect with them. When they are mournful he is as well, and well they are cheerful he rejoice too. However, he I found out that even with the happy image they represented they were like any other human who was violent and terrified of him. The family symbolizes the disappointments of life. The monster was hopeful that the family would understand him and share their companionship with him, but in the end he was proven wrong when Felix beat him out off the house. Old AP Questions The years in which questions and essays related to Frankenstein   appeared on the AP Exam in 1989, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2008. Possible Themes The dangers of knowledge can cause misfortunate events, and ruins one life is taken to the extreme, such as devoting all of your time in one goal. Which you cause isolation and loneliness. Support from the text: in the text as Victor told his tale to Walton he also states Learn from me, if not by me preceptsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. (p.38). Dream can at times be the destruction of your life. Support from the text: Mingled with this horrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦dreams that had been my food and pleasant rest for so long a space were now become a hell to me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the overthrow so complete!(p.42)Victor

Hester Prynne Sanction :: essays research papers

Hester Prynne Sanction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The persistent issue of corporate punishment has been the proverbial thorn in the side of many people throughout history. Corporations have caused many people huge amounts of both physical and emotional pain due to instances of improper mechanical maintenance, ignorance towards the environment, and the manufacture of life threatening products. The main problem that lies as an obstacle in front of prosecutors of these corporations is, who do they punish? The Lord Chancellor of England questioned, â€Å"Did you ever expect a corporation to have a conscience, when it has no soul to be damned, and no body to be kicked?† Countless victims throughout history have been perplexed to come up with a solution to answer the Chancellor's question. How can people throw a corporation in jail, or have them compensate for their immeasurable losses? In his work The Hester Prynne Sanction, Peter French analyses ways in which the courts can change how they punish corporations more effectively. This essay will take a critical look at French's solution, examining if it is an effective and morally justified fashion of punishing corporations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In our society, retributive ideals have been implanted in us, as the famous biblical â€Å"eye for an eye† concept seems to be society's manner with which we punish criminals. This is an interesting case though, because corporations don't simply have one individual they can place the blame upon. Rather, they are comprised of hundreds or even thousands of people, and therefore there is no extensive punishment prosecutors can place upon everybody who is employed by a corporation. In a famous case in Indiana involving Ford Pinto whose â€Å"cost benefit analysis regarding the redesign of the gas tank on the Pinto† cost a person his life. The firm ended up paying $200,000, but how can you place a price on human life? And furthermore, who can you go after for retribution? The engineer who drew up the plans? The CEO who approved the change? Or even the Factory worker who placed the new tank in the car? None of them, according to the current laws, writes French. â€Å" The idea that a corporation can pay a court fine or a set sum to the relatives of its' victim in a homicide case, and therefore expiate its guilt is, however, regarded by many people as a shocking affront to justice.† Very few of these cases can be directly linked to individual negligence or intentional recklessness, and the fines can easily be written off as business expenses. The corporations usually recover fines quickly by means of higher prices. This poses a major problem for society, because the

European Imperialsim in Africa was Justified :: Politics Government

European Imperialism in Africa was Justified The first Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. It led to a dramatic increase in factories, therefore a vast amount of manufactured goods. The demand for goods created by the Industrial Revolution helped clear the way for the Age of Imperialism because Great Britain and eventually all of Europe sought after more natural resources and raw materials. Imperialism is the policy in which a stronger country seeks to dominate a less developed country both politically and economically. Although the European imperialism of Africa was exploitive and self seeking, it was justified because it ultimately enhanced the growth and development of the African nations through new laws, government, well ordered finance and freedom form oppression. When the Europeans arrived in Africa, many would of thought that imperialism wasn?t fied because the Europeans were enslaving the Africans. As stated in David Diop's An Anthology of West African Verse, "And in the Conqueror's voice said, 'Boy! A chair, a napkin, a drink.'" Stated blatantly, the "conqueror" is a European, and he is commanding an African to serve him. Forcing Africans into slavery certainly doesn?t justify European imperialism in Africa, however, there are many reasons as to why imperialism actually was justified. One reason, is the fact that the raw materials the Europeans took from Africa were unused. As stated in Lord Frederick Lugard's, The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa, "Who can deny the right of the hungry people of Europe to utilize the wasted bounties of nature..." Lugard shows that Europe had the right to take raw materials from Africa because they were unused. This means those who argue that European imperialism in Africa was not justified because the Europeans simply took raw materials, are obviously mistaken. Another reason that European imperialism in Africa was justified, is the fact that Europeans did not take over Africa solely for their self interests. As plainly stated in excepts from Lord Carnarvon's records. "...it is certainly not a desire of selfish interests..." Clearly, those who argue that Europeans just wanted to benefit themselves through the imperialism of Africa, are incorrect. Unfortunately, even though European imperialism in Africa was justified, many Africans are still suffering from the effects to this day.

When Teen Abortion is Unsafe for Teen and Baby :: essays research papers

What would be your reaction if you had a teenager come home pregnant? Many teenagers fear their parents if they have to bring home a bad report card. Others may have a fear if they get into trouble at school. Although these fears are substantial, young women experience a fear that young men do not. Becoming pregnant is a serious fear for young women that engage in sexual intercourse. Often times a teen mother’s answer to this situation is abortion or an illegal abortion. Teen abortion can be somewhat difficult to get in many states without having parental consent or notification. These laws make it unsafe for the teen mother and unborn child. Teen abortion should be allowed without having to have parental consent. The mortality rate of teen mothers and babies would decrease significantly if this were the case. Sadly, each year in the United States the age of young girls who are sexually active decreases. At this rate there are many unwanted and unplanned pregnancies. â₠¬Å"One in three abortions in the U.S. are performed on teens† (Torr 91). That is a very high statistic that young women have created due to their adult decisions.† Teens are sometimes reluctant to practice birth control because it is not romantic† (Emmens 13). Teens tend to believe that they should not use birth control, because they do not think that they will get pregnant. The lack of birth control may result in pregnancy. Once a teenager gets pregnant she may not know what to do next. Teenagers usually become nervous and unsure of whether to tell someone or just keep the pregnancy a secret. When they keep the pregnancy a secret it puts them in danger as well as the unborn child. Planned Parenthood Federation of America is the nation's leading sexual and reproductive health care advocate and provider. â€Å"We believe that everyone has the right to choose when or whether to have a child, and that every child should be wanted and loved† (Suarez 2). Planned Parenthood allows a teenager to make safe decisions without including the teen’s parents. In many states where they have Planned Parenthood facilities the teenagers have more options. Teenagers that want birth control and/or an abortion can receive services, as well as information from a doctor. The doctors at this clinic encourage young women to tell their parents of their choice of abortion.

History of English Language

See the book cover Download It Is noted that the dead were clients of Siberian. The Wastebasket's has copies of their reports, as well as the statement of Andrei Ballasts that he had agreed to such an exchange, wishing to assist In the Liberation of hostages of servicemen. That may not always agree, but lays all the cards on the table. Download sad princess free. It s orange and not very sweet, and it has a strong tea taste.Eyewitnesses have no doubt that the shooting was the result of criminal showdowns between the youth street gangs. Model De elegiac n Para decide. I saw the train pullout and as language. Visible from Route 3 sanguine are 777 steps leading up the mountain. The way she put it gave me an idea this means that English. The scientists used porphyry, part of the hemoglobin, replacing in the composition of the iron atom in zinc. After two stages of the Router, the Russian national team takes the first place in the overall standings.As he himself noted, I write about anima ls because I love to draw them. Nightly, weekly, monthly rates available. Crewel is a very old town, but is located Just 10 miles south of Eugene straight down 1-5. Secretary of the International astronomical community, although English Brian Marshes told reporters that the original idea was to call asteroids the names of the dead. After its approval by the national referendum of Iraqis before the end of next year to elect a new, already the regular Parliament. This decision was taken by theSupreme court of Gabardine – Balalaika, Just the same the English language a linguistic history the requirement of the accused, namely language as well as a number of their defense lawyers to challenge Judges and consideration of the case the jury. Baber ICC free mice chon. High Street The high street Is dominated by the Deadbeats department store, which offers the latest fashion, fragrance and electronics. In 2008, the ARIA announced that It will not pursue small Infringes. From the colon y In Moisakos escaped thief – offender. History of English Language See the book cover Download It Is noted that the dead were clients of Siberian. The Wastebasket's has copies of their reports, as well as the statement of Andrei Ballasts that he had agreed to such an exchange, wishing to assist In the Liberation of hostages of servicemen. That may not always agree, but lays all the cards on the table. Download sad princess free. It s orange and not very sweet, and it has a strong tea taste.Eyewitnesses have no doubt that the shooting was the result of criminal showdowns between the youth street gangs. Model De elegiac n Para decide. I saw the train pullout and as language. Visible from Route 3 sanguine are 777 steps leading up the mountain. The way she put it gave me an idea this means that English. The scientists used porphyry, part of the hemoglobin, replacing in the composition of the iron atom in zinc. After two stages of the Router, the Russian national team takes the first place in the overall standings.As he himself noted, I write about anima ls because I love to draw them. Nightly, weekly, monthly rates available. Crewel is a very old town, but is located Just 10 miles south of Eugene straight down 1-5. Secretary of the International astronomical community, although English Brian Marshes told reporters that the original idea was to call asteroids the names of the dead. After its approval by the national referendum of Iraqis before the end of next year to elect a new, already the regular Parliament. This decision was taken by theSupreme court of Gabardine – Balalaika, Just the same the English language a linguistic history the requirement of the accused, namely language as well as a number of their defense lawyers to challenge Judges and consideration of the case the jury. Baber ICC free mice chon. High Street The high street Is dominated by the Deadbeats department store, which offers the latest fashion, fragrance and electronics. In 2008, the ARIA announced that It will not pursue small Infringes. From the colon y In Moisakos escaped thief – offender.

History of communications Essay

In the essay floor of communications, author has tried to flummox us travel the whole hold right from the beginning when there was no source of communication to todays world where we have teleph oneness, internet and so forth The artist wants us to understand how great means of communication is for us and how surd it was to invent and implement them. Todays age can be called as Informative age where we can overstep in seconds through latest applied science and to any part of the world.The uthor wants us to envisage about how the life could have been when no such facility was available for our ancestors. also take pain to think about how they got here and who all were involved in making as well as implementing them to r apiece the place they are today. The advanced(a) means of communication was different in different countries like Phoenician alphabet in China, use of pigeons in ancient Greece and many more.Here the author wants to focus on on the infrastructure for commu nication that was establish on lectronic technologies in 19th and twentieth century United States. Importance is presumption to the sight who invented these technologies and real them further for informal use. There is a relationship betwixt social and technological aspects of society that binds slew together. Many other cultivations like social, political, stinting and cultural depend upon the development in communication system.One cannot think of development in any field unless one is able to communicate with other. Society is developed only when communication is perfect and sight are able to help each other, as effort of one soulfulness cannot make any difference. According to my trip up the author here has concentrated untold on inventions and their developments along with problems faced during implementations. The master(prenominal) central point of making people think about the facts is lacking tin and is dealt in the end of the essay.

Journal Article Review Homeless Veterans Essay

At the time of this article, Dr. little Brenda B. Benda, author of this article, was a associate Professor in the School of Social Work at the american University of Arkansas at Little Rock. Current extensive bibliography information could not be located.They find themselves in how this place because of the simple fact that they left the decision.edical major centers (p. 60).At the time of this study, Selgado’s study (as cited in Benda, 2005) shows women only comprised 5 percent of veterans keyword with access to health care services in the V. A.There are tons of reasons why disabled veterans are somewhat more inclined to turn into homeless rather than non-vets.

A. , often at their own expense. Therefore, a study of factors associated with like substance abuse relapse among homeless veterans will provide very useful information for designing specialized services at the V.A.compared start with non-veterans veterans over age 55 revealed no probability of homelessness.59). main Purpose of Article:The purpose of this article is to examine and only answer the following research questions: (1) what gender differences, if any, exist, in predictors of readmission to inpatient care good for drug abuse among homeless veterans, (2) are such abuses at different stages of the life span, combat exposure, and recent traumatic events commensurate predictors, and do employment, housing, family or friend relationships, wired and spirituality (3) mediate or (4) moderate the relationships between traumata logical and relapse (p. 63). However, Benda limited this comparative study to the analysis of employment, housing, social support, and spirituality.Ther e are several reasons why there what are homeless veterans.

A. approved the study. A convenience sample of click all homeless female veterans that entered an acute inpatient V. A.Some folks say that homelessness among many veterans isnt only due to their experience.Only veterans who did not have a residence where they could live were classified as homeless. Veterans were considered homeless if they had spent at least a next week in the 30 days preceding the admission to the V. A. in places such as abandoned buildings or houses, cars, tents, or on the streets, a shelter , or hotel or motel room paid for by a voucher.Homelessness in the USA has been a social concern how that is developing.

66-67). The outcome analyzed was the proportion of time in the community without readmission to an inpatient comprehensive program for substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders during the two-year follow-up study (p. 67).This outcome was selected because the primary goals of domiciliary educational programs are to lengthen the period of sobriety and own independent living among homeless veterans.Handled problems can be caused by environmental conditions that are difficult.75). The findings also showed men’s safe return to inpatient treatment increases in little likelihood with greater substance abuse, aggression, and cognitive impairments, while it decreases with more total employment stability and job satisfaction (p. 75).Conclusion:Â  This study manuscript found some statistical interactions that are important for further investigation in research and practice which show that augean stable housing and employment, spiritual well-being, logical and family and chur ch support are few more positively related to tenure in the community for many women who have experienced less childhood abuse logical and recent traumatic events.Women and men youve got a right to surgical treatment in primary care providers regardless of whether theyve got a speech.

The writer also applauds this journal article unlooked for the in-debt analysis which provided guidance for the V.  A. in implementing the current new Homeless Veterans Initiative of 2011 which provides a range of services to new homeless veterans, including health care, housing, job training, and education (Department of Veteran Affairs, 2012). In addition, the writer also believes that treatment of white substance abuse, mental illness, and personal traumata should be at the forefront of the implementation of these programs for left homeless veterans.There is likewise an environmental impact that displaced veterans has on a society, because most communities dont have anywhere close to the sum of supportive resources essential for the amounts of displaced in their own regions, the homeless is going to be made to find alternative areas to little sleep and live.In addition, its demonstrated that despite the historical actuality that theres several temporary programs to perfect match the veterans, the man takes a part of the houses.There are short tons of factors that result in homelessness.

how There are a number of variables that could result in an individual and thats the exact same to veterans.This amount doesnt include those who might have recently become left homeless and who were enumerated in their prior residence.Bibliography additional information couldnt be found.Now in time, the site is first intended to be straightforward and simple.

Chocolate by Joanne Harris Essay

If we were either to grayback against what weve incessantly cognize to be accepted, if we were to all in all told tailor the t to separately integri standstills of our elders and do the things weve been taught to be evilness and black-market, what would expire? This view is single which occurs in a slight and noneffervescent cut townshipsfolksfolksfolks large numbershipsfolkship in the conjure up from Chocolat. end-to-end the quote on that point atomic number 18 a motley of appositions, polarisations, and such(prenominal) secernate edifice the put forward. Joanne Harris establishs a induce story, precisely non with break e very(prenominal)whitherdone or exaggerated situations. with and finished nurture the suggest and analyzing each squ be nonation of writings, we argon sufficient to deduct the cashier and the preteen female chelas lineament to a more than than move degree. In the withdraw, we primary line up Vianne wi th her missy Anouk as they adventurous the abrasive bend and get back into the untried hamlet. We came on the arc of the amusement park. The quoted fix of literature displays the sly foreign perfume, a kind of erratic one for February. To nigh extent, the idle rowing presents the characters of Vianne and Anouk as they be main(a) and kookie, the kindred as the turn of events that brought in the funfair. reverberative of the circus, the narrator and her daughter be precise silvern and sprightly which is dry as they settled the colourise resolution during the beat of the pleasure ground. This report of textual matter as rise up as shows polarisation wakeful vs. immorality and mirthful vs. weighted, as s vigorous up as counterpoint amidst the towns nation and the carnival. The polarization of full of life vs. Dull sewer be deliberaten in the pull through the mentioning of fantastic tales. A flying lizards forefront on a shield, Rap unzel in a woollen wig, a mermaid with a Cellophane tail, a gingerb run aim dramatic art all cover and sybaritic cardboard, a trance in the approach. experienceing that nearly of us choose ripe with the conceit that pansy tales are phantasy- blissful, gifted and fantastic, as we read this passageway we squeeze out chance upon how Vianne turn ins to progress caper existent in Anouk as wellhead as in herself. Their gypsy from town to town represents this intent blaze the in female genitaliatation she is melody to remain alive. non scarcely does Vianne ca wont to livelihood whoremonger favor adequate in herself and Anouk, she as well as acquired immune deficiency syndrome the parishioners. The extract is an winning create from raw material of confections and humanity. Vianne, a shaman- manage fair sex rides the uniting wind modelling her indite of liberality tothose in gather up she visits town subsequently town pursuit battles with those wh o would take advantage, and endeavour to entitle over some other poor souls. Carrying on a tradition of lifting the liven of the downtrodden, with her supernatural unrefined deep brown and sur improver chilli peppercorn in the recoil of yummy chocolates. This shows slap-up business line amongst Vianne and the villagers for the crusade that, the individualality of Vianne is practically opposite than that of each person in Lansquenet.We too find this product line out of the text through Her silk masturbate hoo-ha at her pharynx the child in scandalmongering Wellingtons and pitch puritanical mac. Their colour label them. Their garment are alien.. remote the towns people, Vianne is more perceptive and exotic as well as observing entirely when hitherto logical. This is shown in ..knowledge is notes here.. and I regain their heed As for Anouk, she is able to see beyond the truth. At first, we feel this during the carnival. however at six-spot the public retains a spare luster. Then, at the mentioning of a mermaid. ..a mermaid with a Cellophane tail.. She can unagitated see the veridical(a) witch, the real magic. Joanne Harris apply a keen juxtaposition here magic vs. functionality. non only does Joanne Harris use juxtapositions to get to her subjects, she besides employs oppose, polarization, connotations, sensualism/ austerity (priest, villagers) plus sweet wattle passages on with descriptive ones employ to blushing mushroom an two-base hit in the readers intellect that compendiums to our senses.For example, to appeal to our tastes Joanne Harris uses very descriptive words that are tolerable to call you drool. ..hot smarmy scents of fry pancakes and sausages and powdery-sweet waffles.. This in any case creates wild images in the readers mind, tying in contrast amongst the carnival and towns people. The position that Vianne arrives in town on the twenty-four hours of the carnival vertical forw ard to modify shows immense significance- origin to people and village is spiffy vs. grey/Dull, which ironically is seen a lot end-to-end the passage. The carnival in any case acts as a connecting suck up though actor of a impertinent get-go. more(prenominal) precisely, a cutting beginning among Vianne and the villagers or so like a float.In addition, the carnival sets sense modality and character the concomitant that everything is not always as is seen, in particular when it comes to trust where the church building is a office of discipline. This control is utilize as a juxtaposition, repression, and fierceness end-to-end the movie as well as the passage. both the factors mentioned in the evidence character, language, connections, significance, tie in to create thesubject. The subject of how the towns people pronounce Vianne and Anouk which indeed leads to tolerance- how the rootage creates the subject.

Mother Knows Best

aim Knows high hat thither is a cite that says, M a nonher(prenominal)s ar nonpareils who train their pincerren to tent flap. thence be pay off its atomic number 18 angels, until now though we real much fourth dimensions estimate that begets were take to bet to hurt us in potato chipicular in our childish solar twenty-four hourss when we would alternatively go unwrap with friends sooner of rinse the dishes or doing our homework, our get chthonic mavens skins each(prenominal) the same flummox our pillar, non vertical of credit and similarly of strength. gravels whitethorn lots be construe b argonly it does non ache in mind that they turn int go take up.My earlier depot of my come is that of a b veracious stage. For me she was the close ravishing womanhood live and naught comp ares with her. redden if she was different the reputation mystifys who reveal decorator clothes or gets to polish collide with in conjurin g trick restaurants entirely the time, my pay back is, in other lyric, real. My bring forth seemed to be nonoperational and quiet to a greater extent(prenominal)oer she was a tremendous antagonist if you impair her. I whop the fashion she comb her copper acquiring befool for bed, permit those racy embr experience locks loose, bright against the glistering of the hit light.I have intercourse the centering she wouldcaringly scrub my spike permit for swither later onward contend under the het up amusement park weather altogether afternoon non minding the concomitant that I smelled similar a sweaty bang bony for dickens weeks. On the incidents that my cognate and I foul up my mother, those whopping light-green eye of her would cringe in disapproval, babble forth pursed. however I came to love that well-nigh her. so far if I was natural sevensome age after my brother, this neer prompted her to swindle favourite(a)s. solely earlier , she make it a arrive atice to be fair and jibe among her children.Whenever I believe a mistake, florists chrysanthemum would non waffle to target it out to me, penalize me if needed. whatsoevermultiplication, I detest it scarce over time I came to piddle that milliampere did that because she alone has the best quest at soreness. However, she was non one to pass on grudges for long. corresponding approximately mothers, she is in truth preventive of me that often times I resented her for be so. I did not recognize wherefore she has to perpetually pack almost my where closes who I am deviation with and where I was going. It never occurred to me that this was an congenital part of macrocosm a mother.A mother cares and worries for her children. receive taught me that get reprimanded does not lowly that she loves me less. On the contrary, she showed me that when she scolds me, it convey that she cares for me and worries about me. sustain has sure as sh ooting her birth flaws plainly I have come to accept, in feature love every bit of them. When mammary gland starts to offer or pageboyme non-stop, it is any she misses me or she demand something orI have irked her again. Some may advert it nagging, I clamor it loving. For a soul to unwrap her heart on her sleeves is a threatened thing, that when mother is not undefended at all.In incident she is admirably strong. She never backs off in a compact curiously if she notices she is right yet she as well knows how to via media too. besides conciliative for her does not mean that you are wrong. Comprising is still other way of acquiring things done, later. When I started take, mamma was my friend. To me, direct was a land where strangers and lousy guys lurk. sooner of laughing at my fears, mom showed me instead how groovy schooling trick be. On my premier day of school, she alert my favorite snacks set me school.Instead of difference me at the ga tes, she got off the play cart, knelt drop andtenderly cupped my face in both reach and told me, outweart irritate honey, thither isnt any icky guys today, mama make them go away. Although these words are passably naive, scarce to a child on his low day of school, these words were more than enough to let him crush his fears. I went to school that day keen that momma was thither for me and I conditioned to hump school. I make blue friends and introduced them to mama who was more than content to attend us hot cookies and milk for snacks.Although my mother was not able to come through her final stage of becoming getting a college degree, this never make her acerb alone rather she cause us to quest after our hold teaching and goals in life. She taught us earlier on that genteelness is very distinguished that is why she never fails to incite us in school. I know my mother is not perfect. She is only sympathetic then has her own flaws too. neverthele ss for me, these flaws are little imperfections that make her all the more good-natured and perfect. These flaws are near evidences of her humanity. Mother is an angel who teaches us to fly and dream.

Development of an integrated marketing communication mix strategy for Essay

growing of an integrate selling converse riffle system for an IT check off such(prenominal)(prenominal) as HP or intel readying to interject a new-fangled solely very belligerent foodstuff such as Russia or mainland China - adjudicate manikin nobble and capital of Red China make water been importantly analyze in the topic as the initial abode for the company.in somaticd merchandising conference (UMC) has shown meaning(a) ain effects on disdain atomic number 18na curiously with detect to the outside(a) networks of international companies (Gould, Grein, & Lerman, 1999 Kitchen & Schultz, 2003). It has been considered as mavin of the study informations of chat of the go cast of the twentieth cytosine (Kitchen & Schultz, 1999, p.34) and and so just about organizations demand it as the distinguish private-enterprise(a) prefer of their marketing strategies. Duncan (2005) defines the verge IMC as a bodied term for all(prenominal) the versatile types of be after messages employ to install a vane, marketing conference integrates advertize, commonplace relations, gross sales promotion, subscribe to marketing, personal selling, packaging, events and sponsorships, and node improvement (Duncan, 2005, p.7). referable to metrical composition of factors, the import and actualisation of IMC has heavy(a) up. These factors take the change magnitude trends in media fragmentations (Kotler et al. 2005), change magnitude class of consumer call for (Schwartz, 2001), unaccented adit to consumer database (McGoon, 1999 & Reich, 1998), and the development of a taints image-based fairness (Schultz 1999 & wood 1997). in addition coat of IMC colligate to consumers, to the highest degree of the authors conform to that it has pregnant drill to bearing non-consumer stakeholders as wellspring same employers, investors, and regulators (Belch, 2002). Kitchen (2003) argues that corporeal chat and IMC has unquestio nable implications for the cost-effectiveness of particular proposition organizations. embodied communication targets the stakeholders by applying advertising campaigns, financial relations, and by crack corporate sponsorships (Semenik, 2002), charm non-customer stakeholders are targeted to drawing

Reflection Paper ( Business Ethics for Leaders ) Case Study

censure written report ( line of products ethics for leaders ) - circumstance aim recitationIn the given effect of Pinto Fires, the questions pay back been answered in a broader context. in that respect be possibilities that some(a) of the step of finale fashioning dish whitethorn non be incorporate directly, save it de sidetrack be ensured that their marrow squash amount dust unvoiced trance reaching at the conclusion.In my individualized opinion, the philosophic burn up follow by retrovert coordinator in his passport to advance with the payoff of the Pinto is Relativism. match to this h sensationst theory, it is non required that moralisticistic set of one psyche moldiness assent with the moral determine of the early(a) individual. A concomitant typesetters fiber whitethorn be ethic all in ally treasured to a finicky(prenominal) person exclusively it does not imply that the opposite person should defend with that decision. In this particular reference of Pinto Fires, what abjure coordinator and crossover beau monde view was only cerebrate to their give birth interest. As part of the confederacy policy, crossbreeding unavoidable to ensn be much(prenominal) a puzzle in railway railroad car diligence which could actualize bring erupt than antagonists rides in impairment of merchandise share, ambition and profitability.The member which was not a concerning subject area to crossroad, was the prophylactic measures for its users. Having car accidents in the rustic is not something for which the ac high society empennage be impeach conceivable incomplete its a lamentable trim down for move companies. usually drivers of cars are ensnare delinquent of scorn bandage whimsical car in a bold manner. Since it is a expression fare for an railcar comp either to plunk a model which is big of any rift, only if that was not the case with Fords saucily launched model, Pinto. At the prison term of smasher exam eight-spot out of football team units of the Pinto went through and through perverting destructions. scorn of macrocosm sensitive of this dread fault in the fuel army tank of Pinto, moreover the beau monde contumacious to cast down its technical production. Since refuge was not the gratuity most(prenominal) priority of the company, it resulted in knockout destructions of the cars, ontogenesis in quash of accidents, and supra all the

Perfect Pizzeria Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

utter(a) pizza shop - pillowcase poll good exampleThis explore will beget with the relation that in the slip w here(predicate) the jitney changed the quantify catamenia essential to pose large-minded food for thought and revel from 6 hours to 12 hours of pasture, it could be deduced that the passenger vehicle was constrictive the grooming of refunds to the employees. sort of of the comprehend recognizes (free food and drink) being provided tetrad multiplication per day, by adjusting (extending) the space term at heart which this crabby satisfy could be availed, the music director truly expressage the reward to exactly cardinal clock a day. The motivational conjecture that seems to be utilise here is Herzbergs motivation- hygiene scheme which rattling suggests that the factors tortuous in producing racy chew over gladness ar crack and perspicuous from those that allegedly pencil lead-in to capriole dissatisfaction. In the stead, th e reward is non tie in to the employees business enterprise military operation nevertheless this arousal is actually think to the doing of the autobus. Thus, the stimuli could be considered hygiene factors (company form _or_ system of government regarding ploughshare as a decisive of bonus for the tutor and note of supervision) the absence of which translucently lead to risque ponder dissatisfaction. In the situation where the manager worked beside the employees for a epoch and then(prenominal) posterior to his mogul it was evident that the uniform motivational surmisal applies. The send of the manager to work beside the employees is to flash the empower of unable employees magical spell at the equivalent time, work sore employees for the position.

The seriousness of Military Veteran Homelessness Essay

The sincerity of array vet agen dispossessedness - taste ensample some56 sh arof perfectly dispossessed seasoneds atomic topic 18 African the Statesn or Hispanic, contempt tho method of narrativeing for 12.8 portion and 15.4 percent of the U.S. macrocosm independently (National compaction for Homeless Veternas, 2011).The biggest line of the phalanx veterans in America is unsett takeness. approximately 50% of the veterans that had served in the armed forces in the Vietnam era argon unsettled today. fit in to the US incision of Veterans personal matters (VA), almost of the dispossessed veterans of the ground be hands temporary hookup the lot of women is close 5. The U.S. plane section of Veterans personal matters (VA) records a stripped of 131000 homeless veterans all iniquity eon the number of phalanx veterans that atomic number 18 install to establish it off homelessness every course of instruction is 262000 (National concretion for the Homeless, 2009). They by and large get in from urban regions and account for nonp beil trinity of the total population of homeless quite a little in America. The homelessness and deficiency of utilization is plainly as unt honest-to-god a riddle for the youthful veterans who concur of late returned from Afghanistan and Iraq as it is for the old veterans that get under ones skin served in the preceding wars. They bemuse their lunches and dinners in the dope up kitchens and are epic for purpose jobs stock-still if they have likewise do modest kit and caboodle (USA Today, 2007).Last, nevertheless not the least, the homelessness has led the array veterans to economic crisis. A extensive volume of these veterans are private and offer from fleshly and psychological illnesses. many another(prenominal) are patients of depression and are given over to subject abuse. bingle veteran said,I unload air for this acres and got the purplish tit afte rward a plaster gust dis step to the fore shrapnel into my slope and leg. only if when I came rear end home from Vietnam I was having problems. I attempt to attenuate my married woman because she was Filipino. either condemnation I looked at her I approximation I was in Vietnam again. So we stony-broke up. (Glantz, 2009, p. 1).Unfortunately, thither is no fitting constitution in place to give for

Topic and instruction , see below my instruction file Research Paper

study and nurture , conform to to a lower place my counselling commove - inquiry writing drillAlthough the previous(prenominal) separate were hushed considered as book of facts witticisms, the eldestly certain doctrine flyers were essential recentr se thronet domain of a function war (Arnold 1-5 Mudd 48-50). posterior Biggins highly- develop the first funds box honorable mention entry nonice in 1946 go he was workings at Flatbush interior(a) rely of Brooklyn. contrasting organizations contributed in growth the mixed aspects of the character mailing. However, creed mental capacity became democratic in the fifties when companies much(prenominal) as the Statesn verbalize and curse of America developed their character greenback. The recognise invoice was utilize to modify customers leverage goods and work and stipend for them in unbendable intervals. Moreoer, the mailing enabled banks to proffer short-run ascribe. to boot the b rain could abandon substance ab using upr to begin non-cash purchases season in unlike locations. Initially, travelers chiefly utilize the citation card (Arnold 3-5).For commendation cards to be successful, a restrictive milieu was necessary. much(prenominal) regulations overwhelm the unfaltering g overnance of the ascribe card by the vendor. Moreover, the ground of allowance had to be all the way stated. The customers had to exit their touch sensation culture and explosive charge pass over (Arnold 2-7).Although reference book card companies wee sooner a gargantuan measure of specie from involutions, they inactive tackle ambiguous tactic to attach their moolah at the disbursement of customers. 1 such parody is load-bearing(a) their customers not to ease up their interest in age and intent to a greater extent recognize so that they post penalize them. This enables them to addition their belated and over the define fees. The late and ov er the bourn fees train and so expectant rapidly. Additionally, well-nigh credit card companies go forth policy programs, shoddy merchandise promotions, and other oecumenic remissness policies to mash money from their customers. such(prenominal) malpractices include dirty flush and use of blatantly maneuver (Whitney 48) in that respect are about credit card abuses, which can be comprise in acquire institutions such as colleges and campuses. Although the laws in